periodic table

Showing posts with label hina. Show all posts
Showing posts with label hina. Show all posts

5/19/2009

apabila guru dihina dan dicaci....

Assalamualaikum wbt…Hari ini KALAMKU terpanggil lagi untuk membicarakan sesuatu buat insan yang bergelar guru, pelajar dan ibubapa. Aku terbaca harian metro (22 April 2008) sebentar tadi di mana akhbar itu melaporkan kes 5 guru sekolah rendah dekat semenyeh Kajang dihina, dicaci dan dimalukan dengan kata2 lucah dan kesat oleh 2 lelaki yang dipercayai ibubapa kepada pelajar sekolah tersebut dihadapan pelajar2 mereka sendiri menyebabkan mereka ditertawaka oleh kira2 40 orang pelajar dan hanya mampu menanggis apabila dihina dan dicaci oleh ibubapa tersebut. Sungguh tersentuh dan menyayat hati apabila aku bayangkan keadaan itu.


Pendapat aku tentang hal ini, tindakan ibubapa pelajar tersebut adalah tidak wajar dan tidak rasional kerana telah bertindak mengikut hawa nafsu semata2. Padahal Islam telah menganjurkan kepada kita sebagai umat Islam yang berpegang kepada ajaran al-Quran, apabila berlaku perselisihan dalam sesuatu perkara hendaklah kita menyelesaikannya secara bermuzakarah dan mengadakan perbincangan supaya dapat mencari jalan untuk menyelesaikan sesuau masalah itu. Bukannya bertindak menghina dan mencaci dikhalayak ramai dan boleh menjatuhkan maruah seseorang. Hal ini jelas sekali bertentangan dengan ajaran agama (Islam) dan akhlak sebagai seorang mukmin.

Sebagai seorang pendidik, mereka sepatutnya dihormati dan disanjungi. Bukannya dihina dan dicaci. Mereka juga adalah insan biasa seperti tuan2 dan puan2, tidak sunyi daripada melakukan kesalahan dan kesilapan. Sekiranya ada berlaku perkara2 yang bersifat tidak puas hati dan sebagainya carilah jalan penyelesaian dengan cara yang terbaik sepertimana yang telah dianjurkan dalam agama kita. Bukannya dengan cara menurut hawa nafsu semata2.

Aku juga berpendapat, tidak ada seorang guru di dunia ini yang sengaja memukul pelajarnya tanpa sebab dan musababnya dia bertindak sedemikian. Kecuali guru itu di sahkan mengalami tekanan dan sakit mental. Ini kemugkinan berlaku sesuatu di luar batasan. Tetapi kalau guru itu seorang yang normal, tidak mungkin dia memukul pelajar itu tanpa sebab. Mungkin cara tindakan dan hukuman itu membezakannya. Setimpal atau tidak dengan kesalahan yang telah dilakukan oleh pelajar tersebut.

Memanglah pelajar2 sekarang ni sangat manja dan lembik (pendapat aku), guru marah sikit balik mengadu kat ibubapa. Malah apa yang menyedihkan ibubapa lebih percayakan aduan anak2 mereka daripada penjelasan guru. Ini yang berlaku sekarang. Maka bertambah manjalah pelajar2 ini kerana sekiranya mereka melakukan kesalahan2 kerana mereka menganggap tidak mengapa sebab ibubapa mereka bagi suport dibelakang.

Jika kita tinjau zaman tuan2 dan puan2 dahulu, ibubapa itu sendiri datang ke sekolah menyuruh guru menegur dan memukul anak2 mereka sekiranya mereka melakukan kesalahan di sekolah. Hal ini berlaku ke atas diri aku sendiri..Di mana Mak aku sanggup jumpa cikgu semata2 untuk melihat aku jadi anak yang baik di sekolah. Malah di kasi rotan lagi kat cikgu khusus untuk memukul aku sekiranya aku malas,degil dan melakukan kesalahan di sekolah. Tetapi apa yang aku perhatikan zaman sekarang jauh sekali perbezaannya. Kalau guru dihina dan dicaci, di mana anak2 tuan2 dan puan2 untuk mendapat keberkatan ilmu seseorang guru itu?? Kalau pelajar itu tidak lulus exam, jangan salahkan guru, seorang guru walaupun dirinya dihina dan dikeji dia tetap mengajar anak tuan2 dan puan2. Itulah semangat seorang guru. Walau apapun cabaran dan dugaan dihadapi, dia tetap teruskan usahanya untuk melihat anak bangsanya maju dan berjaya seperti bangsa2 lain.

Tuan2 dan puan2 juga harus ingat, setinggi mana pun pangkat tuan2 dan puan2, hatta seorang perdana menteri sekalipun, ianya datang dari titik peluk seorang guru jua. Tak payahlah tuan2 dan puan2 nak berdabik dada dengan pangkat tuan2 dan puan2 itu..Tuan2 dan puan2 kenal huruf A, No 1 dan huruf alif, ba, ta dan seterusnya tu adalah dari ilmu seorang guru juga. Janganlah tuan2 dan puan2 dengan bangga dan sombong datang ke sekolah semata2 untuk menghina dan mencaci seorang guru. Walau pun besar mana sekali pun kesalahan guru itu, tak payahlah nak tunjuk hero..Kalau guru itu tidak halalkan ilmunya sampai akhirat pun anak tuan2 dan puan2 tidak akan dapat kberkatan ilmu itu. Jangan hairanlah belajar setinggi mana pun, sedalam mana pun ilmu agama, kalau tidak berkat dia tetap juga melakukan yang dia sebenarnya tahu perkara itu salah dari segi agama dan undang2 dunia sebab ilmu yang dimiliinya tidak boleh menjaganya dirinya daripada terjerumus dan melakukan perkara2 tersebut sebab TIDAK ADA KEBERKATAN. Kalau tuan2 dan puan2 cakap, alahhhh…tanpa cikgu pun aku boleh baca sendiri juga…Kata2 ini adalah pembohongan semata2 dan jelas2 ianya satu pembohongan!!!

Justeru itu, kepada pihak yang berkenaan dan yang bertanggungjawab, anda sebagai pemimpin yang dilantik untuk menguruskan hal ehwal seperti ini, maka jalankanlah tangungjawab dan amanah itu sebaik mungkin dengan hati yang ikhlas. Janganlah bersikap berdiam diri dan lepas tangan. Buatlah sesuatu untuk menyelesaikan dan menanggani masalah ini secara efektif dan rasional, supaya ianya tidak menjejaskan proses pembelajaran dan pengajaran di sekolah demi kepentingan anak2 dan pelajar2 kita sebagai pewaris agama, bangsa dan negara.

WALLAHU A”LAM

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P/S : Provided below;
~notes for all topics (cover form 4 and 5 lessons)
~SPM format questions
~SPM technique answering
Perhatian : Ruangan bahan nota serta soalan contoh dalam proses upgrade..anda diminta sentiasa singgah ke blog ini untuk mendapatkan maklumat terkini.

CHEMICAL BONDING


Sodium Chloride :

explain how this compound can be formed.



§ Electron arrangement of sodium atom is ...................

§ Sodium atom has …………. valence electron.

§ Sodium atom …………… one electron to form sodium ion, Na+ and achieve a stable …………… arrangement.

§ Electron arrangement of chlorine atom is ...................

§ Chlorine atom has …………. valence electron.

§ Chlorine atom …………… one electron to form chloride ion, Cl- and achieve the stable …………electron arrangement.

§ The sodium ion, Na+ and chloride ion, Cl- formed are attracted to one another with strong force to form a solid sodium chloride, NaCl compound. The attractive ………………..force between the ions is called an ionic bond or electrovalent bond.

patterning exercise [carbon compound]



1. Ethene + Hydrogen

2. Propene + Hydrogen

3. But-2-ene + Hydrogen

4. Ethene + Bromine

5. Propene + Bromine

6. But-2-ene + Bromine

7. Ethene + Hydrogen Chloride

8. Propene + Hydrogen Chloride

9. But-2-ene + Hydrogen Chloride



NOTE : TRY TO ANSWER THIS! YOU CAN SEND YOUR ANSWER TO MY EMAIL.

preparation of soluble salts (not Na, K, NH4+ salt)~ [chapter 8 form 4]

soluble salt : Copper(II) sulphate, CuSO4
Name two chemical substances to prepare the salt :
  1. Sulphuric acid

  2. Copper (II) Carbonate

Chemical equation
:

H2SO4 + CuCO3 à CuSO4 + CO2 + H2O


Description :

1. 50 cm3 of acid is measured using a measuring cylinder and poured into a beaker. The acid is heated slowly.

2 Using a spatula, metal / metal oxide / metal carbonate powder is added a little at a time while stirring the mixture with a glass rod.

3. The addition of the solid powder is stopped when some solids no longer
dissolve anymore. (the solid is excess and all the acid is completely
neutralised by the solid
)

4.
The mixture is filtered to remove the excess solid powder.

5.
The filtrate is transferred to an evaporating dish.

6. The filtrate is heated until saturated. (The filtrate is evaporated to

about one-third (1/3) of the original volume).

7. The saturated solution is then allowed to cool to room temperature

and the salt crystals are formed.

sample of question [solving problem using chemical equation]

question:


2HNO3(aq) + CaCO3(s) à Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

20 g of calcium carbonate is completely reacted with excess of dilute nitric acid to produce calcium nitrate solution, water and carbon dioxide gas.


Based on the chemical equation, find the volume of carbon dioxide gas released at room condition.

[Relative atomic mass: Ca,40; C,12; O,16; H,1; N,14 ; Molar volume: 24 dm3 at room condition]


problem solving :


Number of moles of CaCO3 = 20 ÷ 100

= 0.2 mole

Based on the equation,

1 mole of CaCO3 produced 1 mole of CO2

Therefore,

0.2 mole of CaCO3 produced 0.2 mole of CO2

So,

0.2 mole of CO2 = 0.2 X 24 dm3

= 4.8 dm3


note : unit is very important in numerical answer, no unit.....no mark that will be given!

Chemistry form 5 [Rate of reaction]

sample question :

When a sodium thiosulphate solution is reacted with hydrochloric acid, the rate of the reaction can be measured by timing how long it takes for a sufficient amount of sulphur to form so that a dark cross drawn on a piece of card below the reaction flask can no longer be seen.


1) What is the rate of reaction if the time taken for the cross to disappear in 50 seconds?

Answer: Rate = 1/Time = 1/50s = 0.02/s

2) Write the chemical equation for the reaction above.

Answer: Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) --> 2NaCl (aq) + S (s) + SO2 (g) + H2O (l)

chemistry form 4 [atom]

The word 'atom' comes from a Greek word that means 'something that invisible'. However, atom can be split!

According to modern atomic theory, subatomic particles like protons and neutrons form the nucleus of an atom, while electrons whirl around the nucleus in different orbits with such a tremendous speed that they seem to form layers of shells around it.

Scientist And His Findings

John Dalton (1766 - 1844)
i) All elements are made up small indivisible particles called atoms.
ii) The atoms of an element are alike but differ from those of other elements.

J.J. Thompson (1856 - 1940)
Suggested the the atom is positively charged sphere with electrons embedded in it.

Ernest Rutherfold (1871 - 1937)
Discovered protons, and suggested thet protons are concentrated in the nucleus - the centre of an atom - which is surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

Niels Bohrs (1885 - 1962)
Proposed that electrons are arranged in orbits surrounding the nucleus.

James Chadwick (1891 - 1974)
Discovered neutrons, and proposed that the nucleus contains protons and neutrons, with electrons moving in orbit surrounding it.

chemistry form 4 [Isotopes identified]

Most atoms have several naturally occurring isotopes. An isotope is an atom that contains a different number of neutrons in its nucleus from that of other atoms of the same element.

This means that different isotopes of an element have different masses, since both protons and neutrons contribute about equally to the mass of an atom.

Radioisotopes such as phosphorus-32, carbon-14, sodium-24 and iodine-131 emit radiations. Thus, detectors like Geiger-Müller counter are used to trace the presence of radioactive radiations.
Radioisotopes are used in agricultural, medicinal, archaeological and industrial fields.

Some examples of the various uses of radioisotopes are shown as below, in sector;

NUCLEAR ENERGY
  • Isotope Uranium-235 used to produce nuclear energy.

AGRICULTURE
  • Isotope Phosphorus-32 or Nitrogen-15 used to traces the rate of nutrient absorptions in plants.
  • Gamma Rays used to sterilises pests. Inhibits the sprouting of potatoes, onions and gingers.

INDUSTRY
  • Gamma Rays used to checks wear and tear in engines. Gauges or controls the content level in canned food.
  • Strontium-90 used to gauges or controls the thickness of paper and metal in industries.
  • Cobalt-60 used to detects crack in metal or concrete structures.

Chemistry form 4 [Kinetic Theory of Matter]

  • Matter is made up of small and discrete particles, which are constantly in motion and contain kinetic energy.

  • Solid particles are held by strong forces of attraction, which packed them closely in an orderly manner. Thus, solid has a fixed volume and shape. Solid particles have limited motion; they can only rotate and move about a fixed position.

  • Forces of attraction between liquid particles are weaker than those in solid particles. Thus, the particles are arranged less compact and less orderly. Liquids have a fixed volume but not a fixed shape. The particles can vibrate, rotate and move throughout the liquids.

  • Particles in gas are held by very weak forces of attraction. The particles are very far apart from each other and are in constant motion. The particles vibrate, rotate and move randomly. Gas does not have a fixed shape or volume and can be compressed easily.

Chemistry form 4 [Periodic table and elements]


1. Lothar Meyer (1830-1895)
This German chemist recognised periodic behaviour based on his graphs of the atomic volume of elements against their atomic weight.

2. Dmitri Mendelev (1834-1907)
This Russian chemist made a table of elements and left a gap for elements that had not yet been discovered.

3. Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)
This French chemist classified elements into four groups - gases, non-metals, metals and earths.

4. John Newlands (1837-1898)
This English chemist's law of octaves stated that when elements were placed in the increasing order of atomic weight, the properties of elements fell into a pattern at regular intervals.

5. Henry J. G. Moseley (1887-1915)
This British chemist rearranged the elements in order of increasing atomic number.

6. Johann Dobereiner (1780-1849)
This German chemist proposed the law of triads, which stated that elements came in groups of three.
 

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